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At first we have to understand that what composition is in general terms. Composition is not applied only in photography but it applies to every kind of art whether it is dance, literature, music and so on. Without proper composition an individual is unable to give proper results in photography, visual art, dance and so on. So composition explains the positioning or arranging the elements in any type of work of art.
Now we are going to discuss what is composition in photography? Composing means “arranging different types of elements available in a particular frame of reference that attracts a viewer eye”. Without a proper composition interesting objects can be spoiled. With a proper composition an uninteresting subject’s can attracts the audience. So we can understand that what role the composition plays in a photography.

The aperture, angle and focal length also affect the composition. + we also have some elements of composition like colors, shadows, shapes and etc. An example of flood photography, where an individual who is a photographer he wants to show the audience that how flood destroys everything. So it depends on the circumstances or cases or subjects that which type of composition a photographer should implement in a photograph.

Patterns in plant Leaf

Pattern exist in our environment the only thing is to see them through our inner eyes. It exists in an artificial and natural form. If we understand the pattern we can found it everywhere i.e. in a market, monument and etc. lighting is also important in pattern. If we take the example of fields during overcast day, the audience lacks interest in that picture.

L.C. Nøttaasen L.C.Nøttaasen

The second component is texture. When the light strikes on the subject at different angles then the texture helps in making proper composition.

Richard Taylor dicktay2000

Symmetry is a line which creates a balance in a photograph. If we divide the subject in a half in a proper way then it is known as the image is symmetrical. Generally we are using two types of symmetry in photography i.e. vertical line symmetry and horizontal line symmetry.
Line is also one of the elements of composition in photography. There are different types of lines like horizontal, vertical, diagonal and converging lines present in the most of the composition that we capture and if used properly it will create impact in the audience eyes.

DOF – Focus on the subject you want to show it the viewers

Depth of field (DOF) used to stand out the subject from the environment, lower aperture such as f /1.2 or f/1.8 helps you to focus on the subject and create a beautiful bokeh( background blur) in the image.

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Looney 11 rules

Looney 11 rule is called as Looney f/11 rule. This rule helps us to capture proper amount of light to the sensor and result is perfectly balanced image (not too over exposed or under exposed ). There are different types of lighting conditions like during full moon we can use aperture f/11 similarly in case of half moon we are using the aperture f/8. So we are using different aperture in different lighting condition to get a perfect shot. Take a look at the table below and try to remember it when you capture your next Moon image.

Sunny 16 rules

There is another type of rule we are using which is known as sunny 16 rules or sunny f/16 rule and is used in photography during daylight. This Rule helps us to get properly exposed image without any trouble. There are different types of lighting condition available during day time like snow or sand and we have to set our aperture based on that type of scene. In snow and sand we should use the aperture value f/22, similarly in sunny location the aperture should be at f/16. When we set the aperture the shutter speed should also changed according to rule, for example when the aperture is f/22 then the shutter speed should be kept at 1/50 second similarly when the aperture is f/16, the shutter speed is 1/100 second and so on. Take a look at the tables below for better understanding…

ISO should be kept as same as shutter speed to get properly exposed images, * for first setting if ISO 50, for 2nd – F16, 1/100 and ISO 100, F11, 1/200 and ISO 200 and so on…

Take a look at the table below and you can use as cheat sheet for getting perfect shot at different lighting condition,

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This theory was given by John Thomas Smith in 1797.It is one of the basic principles of photographic composition. It applies to film, art, photography and design. The basic principle is to break down the image space into nine equal parts in horizontal and vertical lines i.e. it makes three rows and three columns. This theory helps to balance the image in a proper manner and it provides natural look to viewer. This skill is already presents in some people who are engaged with the profession of photography.

Before applying this theory we have to look certain things in the object i.e. at first we have to understand the point of interest in the portrait. For example if  we are taking the image of a person we have to look what is the point of attraction in that image whether it is his eyes or his lips and so on. There are many image editing tools available like photoshop, MS picture manager., etc that helps photographer to recompose images after they shot. This theory can be applied in any object whether it’s a portrait, landscape or anything.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RULE OF THIRDS

• Understand the important elements of subject and position them near the intersection lines of grids. As the object is close, we don’t have to perfectly line the element.
• We should provide some empty spaces in picture that helps to maintain balance in a overall composition. We should not place the object in the middle because it creates distraction.
• We should give more concentration to lighter and darker areas during shooting of landscape. Particularly in landscape shooting high contrast will attract the viewer more.
• This theory can be implemented with shooting of portraits. We can concentrate on the eyes, hairs and cheeks of portraits which can be point of attraction in that image.
• In street photography it is very difficult to control the affect of other object. So try to hold the object i.e. color and shape in the environment.

See some examples below

A well balanced image, captured by – Cristian Bortes [flickr] Member since 2006

A young Face portrait captured by Yuri Y. Samoilov

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